Overview of Solar PV Systems Working Mechanism
Solar PV system is
designed with several components. The most vital and biggest part is the solar
panels, mounting platforms, solar inverters and cabling infrastructure. These
components are combined to harness the sunrays and change it into electricity.
This power can be used in businesses and residences to operate electrical
appliances, lights, and HVAC.
Overview
of solar PV systems working mechanism
Solar
panels
Solar panels are
well-known part of PV system because they are noticeable and perched on the
rooftops. Solar panels are regarded as blood circulation network of solar power
system. It absorbs the sun’s radiation and commences the process of
transforming sunrays into electrical current. Creating electric current is the
main task of solar panels.
These are available
in different shapes and sizes. The panels are designed from grouping solar
cells, which are wired together and framed in a glass casing for protection
against various elements.
Solar
cells
Basically, solar
cells are made from semi-conducting material like silicon, which are slotted in
between +ve and -ve charges. When sunrays fall on the cell, photons within
sunlight hit free electrons in the semi-conducting material. This results in
flow of electricity. There are conductive metal plates on the sides of cell
that accumulate electrons and transport them through wires, just like electric
current.
Basically, solar
cells made from monocrystalline silicon material, which is efficient but thin
film and polycrystalline cells are less expensive. Electrical solar power
output depends on the solar cell number as well as overall solar panel array
and size. More solar cells and large solar panel array enables more generation
of electricity.
Solar
inverters
Solar inverters are the
brain of the entire system. The radiant sun energy that is transformed into DC
power gets converted into AC current. Generally, all electrical appliances
operate on AC power and even the grid system runs on alternating current. Solar
panels cannot generate AC power, but solar inverters are capable of moving
backward and forward between DC and AC power.
Three
kinds of solar inverters
1.
Stand
alone inverters - Good for non-grid system
2.
Grid-tied
inverters - Compatible with utility grid
3.
Battery
backup inverters - Supplies AC current, during outage situation
Cables
and wires
Cabling and wires are
regarded as the blood vessels that bring converted power within homes. Solar
cable is a wire that joins all the solar PV system components. Cabling network
differs, but are generally designed to handle temperature fluctuations because
they are used outdoors. Solar cable need to be insulated well to endure
mechanical and thermal loads. Plastic is used for protection against humidity
and solar radiation, which could eventually corrode the wiring system.
Mounting
system
Mounting system is
considered as the skeleton of solar PV system. Solar panel arrays reside on
these mounting platforms. Mostly, solar systems are mounted on rooftops to gain
more access to direct sunrays. In addition, you can erect mounting systems on
the ground or pole structures.
PV arrays are mounted
parallel to surface with little space between roof and the system. Arrays are
mounted at an angle to capture sunlight. Utility companies produce large
quantity of electricity, so they use ground mounted systems. Check out Los Angeles solar power systems working
mechanism in depth on the internet.
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